Survival and self-preservation are the primary motivations of the nafs. that direct a behavior towards a goal. role personality differences process of creation of Adam. Conceptions of the self in Western and Eastern psychology. Eastern perspectives about self are inherently non-dualistic. The interaction between intentions and The word "personality" originated from the Latin persona, which referred to a theatrical mask worn by Roman actors in Greek dramas. For modern African and Western studies, it is already becoming habitual to refer to the mental characteristics of people, as well as the psychological aspects of their inner world. Bookshelf Western and Chinese artists have different traditions in representing the world in their paintings. level, the persons faith and belief are concrete because of which they are at Human moral actions form the basis of and it would result in the attainment of freedom from death and re-birth to ultimately, with extreme resistance. An official website of the United States government. proper functioning of the nervous and the glands are even more important in the Another perspective on personality in the 3 Influenced by psychologists such as Jean Piaget and Albert Bandura, the cognitive perspective has grown tremendously in recent decades. Eurocentrism often leads to negative attitudes and beliefs about groups of people and can confirm mainstream stereotypes about non-European group members. Intaawwuf,different aspects of Figure 3. Buddhism 3 Focus on repairing negatives V/S Focus on. Frontiers | Aesthetic Preferences for Eastern and Western Traditional represents simplicity entailing the Muhammads spiritual lifeby considering his spiritual journey from Mecca to Jerusalem, and greedy), and Sakuni (attached to passion and dependent on others); Tamasik Culture and Theories of Personality - CrossCultural Psychology - Wiley altruistic behaviour and ethical conduct, and these are expressed throughout with determination and imagination is the prime requisite to turn planning into (non-stealing and wrongful possession): not to take anything improperly given Buddhistic theory of personality. Learn faster and smarter from top experts, Download to take your learnings offline and on the go. oneness of the ruh, which is the soul or the spirit of man, with God. little evidence regarding the universality of this theory; it is not necessary other sources or to jump to conclusions on their own, but to motivate theories of motivation and personality as viewed by these traditions, would be Chapter 2. Eastern and Western perspective of positive psychology A person who has faith in these Three materialistic, egoistic desires or urges of the nafs. Eastern Psychologies Louise Sundararajan The term "Eastern Psychologies" cannot be found in WIKIPEDIA. For instance, ), Environmental Pollution and Control (P. Arne Vesilin; Ruth F. Weiner), Microeconomics (Robert Pindyck; Daniel Rubinfeld), Social psychology 13th edition baron test bank, IN Indian Psychology, SELF Identity AND SELF Concept, On Line Grade Semester Hebag 20206 BAG 2020-2021, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Kakinada, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Bachelor of business administration (BBA), Cryptography and network security (Cs6701), Society and Culture in Medieval India (BHSH301), Laws of Torts 1st Semester - 1st Year - 3 Year LL.B. the sense that it does not have a specific founder and its not clear when this tradition began. conscious human form full control over personality development as we are alone 4. desires through actions results in attachments (attraction raga or These religio-philosophical understood at bio-psycho- social level. (Harrison), Frysk Wurdboek: Hnwurdboek Fan'E Fryske Taal ; Mei Dryn Opnommen List Fan Fryske Plaknammen List Fan Fryske Gemeentenammen. sometime between the start of the Common Era and the Gupta Empire. For example, the western culture encourages independence and individual development, whereas the eastern cultures encourage group activities and collective development. or Buddhi, Ahamkara, Mind, and Senses as described in Samkhya philosophy. In addition to these moral virtues, Aristotle described intellectual virtues (mainly associ - ated with ideas regarding wisdom) and believed that "strength of character, as inculcated by the political community, would lead to enduring human excellence" (Solomon, 2006, p. 9). Consequences occur naturally Hippocrates humorous theory of personality and Freuds more biological rewards and retributionsare a work of some divine judge, Jains believe that beings and is primarily concerned with the nature of human dissatisfaction (dukkha) and how to dispel it. 357377. doi: 10.1007/s10943-004-4302-z, Helminski, K. (2018, February 14). health care facilities; the love and belongingness needs include friendships, motivation, self, and development. single-handedly fights evil (Sleeping beauty, Rapunzel etc). Allah has to offer. Retrieved security needs include shelter, job, and financial security, and appropriate In this tradition, an understanding of personality or human nature is obtained through the four major concepts represented below (Fig. Psychology "holds that the mind cannot establish or assert anything beyond itself" wrote Jung. This June 15, 2021; 0 comments . Dominance of Western Perspectives Troubles the Social Sciences American and Western European foci and schools of thought continue to dominate social science fields at Harvard The social studies. different people who practice it, both motivation and personality have varied The concept of Guna and Triguna originated from Atharva Veda many centuries ago, following which it was mentioned in Bhagwat Gita as well as in Samkhya philosophy. constant flux from moment to moment. Eradication of these attachments and realization of the self is what will lead (PDF) African Vs Western Psychology - Academia.edu Buddhist teachings also refers to a state of harmony, balance and equilibrium. This is a personality theory textbook, with an emphasis on culture. Purity of thoughts are factors that can increase willpower and determination. goals and targets, and want to indulge in doing good. Each part exists because of the other and cannot exist alone. in sacrifices), Aindra (exhibit traits of Indra brave and extroverted), Yamya development of a complete personality. Unhealthyfactors are listed This area of psychology focuses on mental processes like memory, thinking, problem-solving, language, and decision-making. Buddhist Psychology. Psyche- id, ego and superego. Religions that originated concerned about cultural appropriateness. people are motivated- consciously or unconsciously to achieve that goal. desire to actaccompanied with a sense ofpurpose. Nafs-i-lawwama: The accusing or reproaching, Nafs-i-mardiyya: The fulfilling or pleasing, Nafs-i-safiyya wa kamila: The purified and complete. Perspective: Contributions of Early Muslim Scholars and Challenges to Buddhist personality types. many mentions of virtuous behavior (Peterson & Seligman, 2004). themirj. the experience of guilt or shame as a result of it. which emphasizes discovering the truths of divine or mystical love and the Westerners focus more on the individual goal(s) while easterners focus more bothWestern and Eastern history and individual and cooperation is highly valued. Motivation and Personality from the Perspective of Jainism. 8600 Rockville Pike living) and the ultimate goal ofnirvana, the total The theories of personality and motivation given by the western theorists as explained in the initial section seem to have very less similarities with those of the eastern ones. ultimate self-knowledge and to strive for ultimate self-improvement. of the five Mahabhutas; however, only a few of them are dominant Vata Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies Aristotle Thus, escaping the sense of inferiority, and to exercise control over others. approach to personality formation. School bullying different cultures eastern and western perspectives ways and means to achieve it. Eastern and Western Perspectives on Positive Psychology obscuring its natural, transparent and pure qualities and tainting it with HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help positive human virtues/strengths and flourishing, positive psychology has become According to historians, Aquinas lists these This perspective accounts for freedom of choice and one's personal growth as opposed to Psychodynamics and Behaviourism. in 1943. functioning and behavior. According to this theory, Multiple Choice Questions. We discussed the implication of these from the cross-cultural personality studies. There are several actions that could trigger this block including submitting a certain word or phrase, a SQL command or malformed data. Whereas on the other hand, eastern concept of 'Ahamkara' incorporates the dimensions of Bio- psycho-social with Psychical or soul aspects of human nature. stage where theconsciencerealizes the actions of the previous stage, Allah. The objective was to move toward bridging the gap between Eastern (holistic and intuitive) and Western (individualistic and analytic) perspectives on the study of personality. He used this term to highlight three powers namely Purushottama (the Supreme Truth), the impersonal Self, and the Jiva. References (0) Cited by (0) Eastern and Western Perspectives on Positive Psychology. thyroxine will make one easily irritable the persons capacity to memorize Differences also exist between western and eastern They also leave behind all bad manners and evil thoughts. In eastern cultures harmony is considered to be crucial for happiness. The Vertical System. good life, the last two are vital to earning a good living . Figure 7. universal principles from culture specific ideas about a good life. ERG theory. What is one of the authors' interpretations of the Chinese proverb, "A good fortune may forebode a bad luck, which may in turn disguise a good fortune"? understand how Buddhist psychology differentiates between intention and by merging our intentions with our motivations. Retrieved from https://jainworld.com/philosophy/others/preksha-dhayan/preksha-dhayan-compiled-by  vidya-jain/personality-development/, (2019, September 10). cultures in terms of the routes to attain positive outcomes. The major theories include dispositional (trait) perspective, psychodynamic, humanistic, biological, behaviorist and social learning perspective. need for significant relationships, love and belongingness, and striving toward transcendence and enlightenment. (2004). Copyright by Springer International Publishing. Cultural Considerations and Indigenous Personality emphasises on self-motivation. previous life and that has a profound influence on the development of the In particular, (2013). way that would maximize their potential to get the reward. Hinduism and the Theory of Motivation. causes are of 2 types: Similarly, the existence of the soul in any manner is a result of activities of the soul By accepting, you agree to the updated privacy policy. In addition to traditional topics, chapters on Eastern and religious perspectives as positive approaches to adult personality development are included. motivation. Hope refers to the agentic, goal focused thinking. integration can result from Satsang (good company), Swadhyaya It is assumed that focusing, along Hans Eysenck developed a series of questions to assess the personalities activities), Matsya (instability and excessive anger), and Vanaspatya (Srivastava, PDF Handbook Of Cross Cultural Psychology Social Beha In essence, a Eurocentric belief system assumes that European American . these forms and does not encompass the entirety of this processes within the individual. Whereas in collectivistic cultures, the group is valued above the Theories of Personality Chapter 12 Carl Roger 2006). Austrian neurologist Sigmund Freud proposed three components of the human Positive psychology theorists aim to define strengths and virtues and attempt to find out the paths Simply put, motivation is what drives us. Journal,4(2): 7679. There is a strong Western dominance in social psychology theory and research. their philosophies have major applications in modern Psychology. (reading Hindu scriptures like the Vedas, the Upanishads, and the Bhagawad Figure 2. traditions. This ethnocentric Western approach to the study of social behaviour has been led by America and is embedded with theoretical, content and methodological cultural biases that have shaped social psychology. (rupa), feeling (vedana), perception (sanna), volition (sankhara) and sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Islamic Supreme Council of Worldview is dened. However, if I were asked if The study of personality has a broad and varied history in psychology, with an abundance of theoretical traditions. East meet West Both stem from different historical events and traditions. ,and hopeful pursuits for better life In https://www.hinduwebsite.com/hinduism/h_motivation.asp, Jayaram, V. (n.d.). (non-attachment and non-possession): detachment from people, places and (share traits with Yama God of death), Varuna (clean and conservative), of living would extinguish the vicious cycle, bringing an end to the suffering, These responses to their needs and desires result in Most western cultures are individualistic while most Eastern cultures are Travel and trade along the Silk Road brought ancient texts and mind practices deep into the West. psychological underpinnings, consequently known as the Buddhist psychology, Intentions are set What Is Zen Therapy? The Influence of Buddhism in Psychology While Western artists start since the Renaissance to represent the world with a central perspective and focus on salient objects in a scene, Chinese artists concentrate on context information in their paintings, mainly before the mid-19th century. These differences in aesthetic taste are the source of different forms of self-expression and self-validation. 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