Staphylococcus aureus is a major human pathogen that causes a wide range of clinical infections. Since 2005, new studies have provided additional insights into diagnosis and treatment of these conditions. [] Based on a 2014 meta-analysis of 24 studies, it was found that the concept of HCAP is predominantly based on low-quality evidence confounded by publication bias and does not accurately identify … The European Respiratory Society guidelines for the management of adult bronchiectasis describe the appropriate investigation and treatment strategies determined by a systematic review of the literature. The last American Thoracic Society (ATS)/Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) HAP/VAP guidelines, published in 2005 , provided evidence-based recommendations for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of HCAP, HAP, and VAP. Bronchiectasis in adults is a chronic disorder associated with poor quality of life and frequent exacerbations in many patients. Since the initial 1996 American Thoracic Society (ATS) guideline on nosocomial pneumonia, a number of new developments have appeared, mandating a new evidence-based guideline for hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP), including healthcare-associated pneumonia (HCAP) and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). Background: This document provides evidence-based clinical practice guidelines on the management of adult patients with community-acquired pneumonia. It is a leading cause of bacteremia and infective endocarditis as well as osteoarticular, skin and soft tissue, pleuropulmonary, and device-related infections. Methods: A multidisciplinary panel conducted pragmatic systematic reviews of the relevant research and applied Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation methodology for clinical recommendations. The concept of HCAP (including NHAP) has been called into question in the 2016 Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) and American Thoracic Society (ATS) guidelines. There have been no previous international guidelines.
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